As an experienced website operations expert, I know that a stable website cannot operate without proper management of the background scripts.AnQiCMS thanks to its efficient and secure features, is deeply loved by our operation staff.stop.shandstart.shScript. However, a seemingly simple operation may sometimes be hindered by a minor permission issue. Today, let's delve into how to ensure the AnQiCMSstop.shScript has sufficient execution permissions to make your maintenance work smoother.

Understandingstop.shThe importance of the script

In the AnQiCMS running environment,stop.shThe script plays a crucial role.It is usually responsible for safely terminating the background process of AnQiCMS.stop.shUnable to execute normally, may cause the service to fail to stop, affecting subsequent operations, or may lead to data inconsistency or service anomalies.The essence of this script is a set of shell commands, which will find the PID (process identifier) of AnQiCMS process and then send a signal to terminate it.Therefore, ensuring that it can be "executed" and "has the right to execute" the corresponding system operations is the foundation for the stable operation of the website.

Why are there permission issues?

In Linux systems, file permission management is very strict, which is for the consideration of system security.Each file and directory has its owner, group, and read (r), write (w), execute (x) permissions for the owner, group, and other users.An English shell script, if it is not marked as 'executable', the system does not know how to run it.It's just like you've got a manual, but it's locked in a box and you can't open it to read.

通常，当我们手动上传文件或者在某些自动化部署过程中，stop.sh脚本可能会因为权限设置不当而丢失执行权限。例如，文件权限可能是-rw-r--r--This means that the owner only has read and write permissions, but no execute permissions, and other users can only read.

How to checkstop.shexecute permissions?

Checkstop.shThe execution permission of the script is not complicated, we need to connect to the Linux server where your AnQiCMS is located via SSH client.

Firstly, you need to locate the installation directory of AnQiCMS. According to the deployment guide of AnQiCMS, this directory is usually located at/www/wwwroot/anqicmsor a similar path. You can usecdCommand to enter this directory:

cd /www/wwwroot/anqicms # 替换为你的实际安装路径

After entering the directory, use:ls -lCommand to viewstop.shThe detailed permission information of the file:

ls -l stop.sh

You will see a line output similar to the following:

-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 500 Jun 7 10:30 stop.sh

or:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 www www 500 Jun 7 10:30 stop.sh

Here we need to pay attention to the first 10 characters.

  • first character.ordIndicates the file type (-Indicates a regular file,d)Indicates a directory.
  • The next 9 characters are divided into three groups, representing the permissions of the file owner (owner), the file group (group), and other users (others):
    • rwx：represents read, write, and execute permissions.
    • rw-：represents read and write permissions, no execute permissions.
    • r-x：represents read and execute permissions, no write permissions.

Ifstop.shPermissions displayed as-rw-r--r--This means that the owner and other users do not have execution permissions(x) then when you try to run./stop.shWhen, the system will prompt “Permission denied”（Insufficient permissions）.

How to grantstop.shexecute permission?

Granting script execution permission is very direct. In Linux systems, we usechmodto modify file permissions.

the simplest and most common method is to usechmod +xThis command will add execute permissions for the owner, group, and other users:

chmod +x stop.sh

After executing this command, you can use it again:ls -l stop.shConfirm that the permissions have been changed to:-rwxr-xr-x.

If you want to control permissions more finely, or ensure it has secure general permissions, you can use the numeric mode:

chmod 755 stop.sh

Here are the755Means:

  • 7(rwx)：文件所有者拥有读、写、执行权限。
  • 5(r-x)：文件所属组拥有读、执行权限。
  • 5(r-x)：Other users have read and execute permissions.

This755The permission settings are usually recommended practices for shell scripts, as they allow the owner of the script to have full control over the script, while allowing other users to run but not modify the script.

before executingchmodIf the user you are currently logged in as is not the owner of the file or does not have sufficient permissions, the system may prompt insufficient permissions. At this time, you need to add the command before it.sudoExecute with superuser privileges:

sudo chmod +x stop.sh

or

sudo chmod 755 stop.sh

Verify and test the script

After modifying permissions, be sure to verify and test.

  1. Confirm the permissions again:Runls -l stop.shto ensure that the permissions are displayed as-rwxr-xr-x.
  2. Start AnQiCMS:Ensure AnQiCMS is running. You can checkps -ef | grep anqicmsif there is a process running for AnQiCMS.
  3. Attempt to stop the service:Now, try to runstop.shScript: 
    
./stop.sh
    If your current user is notstop.shthe owner, oranqicmsthe process is run by another user (such aswwwUser started, to ensurestop.shHave permission to terminate the process, you may need to usesudoTo run:
    
sudo ./stop.sh
  4. Verify the stop result:Run againps -ef | grep anqicms。If the AnQiCMS process does not display, or only remainsgrepthe command itself, then Congratulations to you,stop.shthe script has been executed successfully.

by these steps, you have not only solvedstop.shThe execution permission problem has also deepened the understanding of Linux file permission management. This is a very practical skill for any website operator.

Common Questions (FAQ)

Q1:chmod +xandchmod 755What is the difference? Which should I use?

chmod +x stop.sh命令会为文件所有者、所属组和其他用户添加（English）+）执行（English）x）权限，但不会改变其他权限（读写）。而 `chmod 7